{"id":298,"date":"2017-09-25T09:47:35","date_gmt":"2017-09-25T09:47:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/?p=298"},"modified":"2021-03-28T22:16:18","modified_gmt":"2021-03-28T16:46:18","slug":"the-technicality-of-augmented-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/the-technicality-of-augmented-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"The Technicality of Augmented Reality"},"content":{"rendered":"<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Augmented Reality is gaining significance in real-world applications. Investors and businesses are looking for ways to reap the most out of the present AR technologies. In due course, some acknowledgement of technicality involved in AR systems and AR application development may help everyone interested in AR.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In the first part of the Augmented Reality series, \u201c<\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/the-birth-and-juvenility-of-augmented-reality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em><u><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Birth and Juvenility of Augmented Reality<\/span><\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/a><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u201d, we have come to know what Augmented Reality is and how it evolved with time and reach its current status yield sweet fruits.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">If we want to know how augmented Reality works, we must have prior knowledge of its technicality. With awareness of technologies and tools taking part in the augmented reality application development, we can enable technologies to go into the mass and get instant adoption.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The technicality of AR involves mainly three significant components to understand:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Hardware for AR<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Software for AR<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Algorithms of AR<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Hardware for Augmented Reality<\/span><\/h2>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Augmented Reality becomes possible with the evolution of its hardware components and advancements in software and various algorithms to shape it in present status. There are numerous hardware components to list, but we will explore only chief hardware components used in present days, and those are:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Display devices<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Sensors<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Input devices<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Processors like computing devices ranging from desktops to mobiles<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Display of AR<\/span><\/h3>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Rendering of AR demands various technologies and technologies such as optical projection systems, multiple types of monitors, modern handheld devices like smartphones and tablets and body attached or worn on the human body system.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">We can list various display hardware in the following ways:<\/span>\n<h4><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Head Mounted Display (HMD):<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n \t<li><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Harness or Helmets<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0loaded with sensors with six degrees of freedom<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Eyeglasses\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">loaded with cameras to intercept the natural world and re-display it as AR through eyepieces<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Head-Up Display (HUD)<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0provides a transparent display with data that saves users from sticking with usual viewpoints<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Contact Lenses<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0consisting of IC (Integrated Circuit), LED, and antenna<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Virtual Retina Display (VRD)<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0is a scanning display onto the human eye retina, and it seems to float array in the space<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Eye Tap<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0captures light rays going to the centre of lens and substitutes it with synthetic light rays, which are computer-controlled<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Spatial AR:<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">As its name suggests, SAR augments real-world objects in spaces without relying on display devices such as HMD, monitors, or handheld devices. For instance,<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Shade Lamps<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Mobile projectors<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Virtual tablets<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Smart projects<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">SAR display is becoming interestingly interactive and attractive, as it displays on any number of surfaces and settings and provides opportunities for great graphical visualization.<\/span>\n<h3><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Sensors<\/span><\/h3>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tracking sensors &amp; Networking Hardware need to work in combination to provide an AR system with mobility. For example, modern smartphones and tablets have both. Mobiles consisting of:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Digital cameras and other optical sensors<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Accelerometer<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Gyroscopes<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">GPS hardware<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Solid-state compasses<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">RFID<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Wi-Fi sensors<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Native mobile connectivity hardware and sensors<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Wired and wireless networking sensors and hardware<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Input Devices<\/span><\/h3>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">To make an AR system interactive, various kinds of user inputs are mandatory and different types of input devices used, such as<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Keyboards for textual inputs.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Speech recognition systems like Siri, Cortana, Google Voice, and so on.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Gloves stylus, pointers, and other body wear with sensors to provide body gesture inputs.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Eye movement detection sensors and hardware.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Software &amp; Algorithms for Augmented Reality<\/span><\/h2>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Please find the best\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"\/augmented-reality-app-development.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Augmented Reality Software<\/span><\/a><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0capable of carrying an image registration process where software is working independently from camera and camera images. It drives real-world coordinates to accomplish the process.<\/span>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How AR Software Works?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">AR software can achieve augmented Reality using two-step methods:<\/span>\n<ol>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0It detects Interest Points, fiduciary marker, and optical flows in-camera images or videos.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0Now, it restores the real-world coordinate system from the data collecting in the first step.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The First Step<\/span><\/h4>\n<strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">#1 &#8211; Interest Point<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: The exciting point is well defined and has a well-defined position in image space. The image structure around the exciting fact is rich in information content and simplify the vision system. It also computed with a high degree of reproducibility.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It includes an attribute of scale to compute interest points from real-life images and with the scale of changes.<\/span>\n\n<strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">#2 &#8211; Fiduciary Marker<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: It is an object placed in the field of view of an imaginary. It uses as a point of reference, a measure, or it can put on the imaginary subject.<\/span>\n\n<strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">#3 &#8211; Optical Flow<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: it is a pattern of apparent motion of various objects, edges, and surfaces in a visual scene.<\/span>\n<h4><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Moreover, the first step can use various feature detection methods, such as:<\/span><\/h4>\n<strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">1: Corner Detection<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: It is an intersection of two edges and used to extract specific features as well as infer the content of the image.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Moravec algorithm used in the corner detection where algorithm tests each pixel in the image to check the corner presence. It defines the strength of the corner using SSD (Sum of Squared Differences) between the patch and neighbours.<\/span>\n\n<strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">2: Blob Detection<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">:<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Blob is a region in the digital image that differs from the rests in terms of brightness, colours, and material.<\/span>\n\n<strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">3: Edge Detection<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">:<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It identifies points in a digital image where brightness sharply changes and display discontinuities. Edges are corresponding to discontinuities in-depth, surface, material, and scene illumination. Thus, we can catch significant events and changes in the properties of the world.<\/span>\n<h4><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The Second Step:<\/span><\/h4>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It is a process of restoring real-world coordinates from the data, which we have obtained in the first step. In due course, we have to employ some methods such as:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Structure from Motion methods including-Bundle Adjustment<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Mathematical methods like-<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"ql-indent-1\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Projective or Epipolar Geometry<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"ql-indent-1\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Geometric algebra<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Rotation representation with:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n \t<li class=\"ql-indent-2\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Exponential map<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"ql-indent-2\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Kalman &amp; particle filters<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"ql-indent-2\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Non-linear optimization<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"ql-indent-1\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Robust statistics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">AR Programming Technologies<\/span><\/h2>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Augmented Reality Markup Language (ARML) has developed to define and interact with AR scenes. ARML consists of both XML syntax and ECMA scripts.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">XML used to help in describing the location and appearance of virtual objects in AR scenes.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">ECMA scripts binding permits dynamic access to properties of the objects in the virtual world.<\/span>\n<h3><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">ARML Object Model:<\/span><\/h3>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It was built on three main concepts:<\/span>\n<ol>\n \t<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Features<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: Represents physical objects in the AR scene.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Virtual Assets<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: Represents virtual objects in the AR scene.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Anchor<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">: Define the spatial relationship between a physical and virtual object in an AR scene.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Anchors are four different types:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Geometries<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Trackables<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Relative to<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Screen anchor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Augmented Reality SDKs<\/span><\/h4>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Just like other technologies, AR application development kits are available for rapid development process in the form of SDKs, including:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">CloudRidAR<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Vuforia<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">ARToolKit<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Catchoom CraftAR<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Mobinett AR<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Wikitude<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Blippar<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Layar<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Meta<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">ARLab<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Conclusion:<\/span><\/h3>\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Now, we are accustomed to various technologies, tools, methods, software and algorithms, AR programming language, and different\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">AR application development<\/span><\/a><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0SDKs.<\/span>\n\n<span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">However, technicality involves technical terms and may prove inadequate to understand how the AR system works. Therefore, in the next part of the current AR series, \u201c<\/span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How Augmented Reality Works<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u201d, we will describe the entire process is highly comprehensive. Just wait for a week more!<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Augmented Reality is gaining significance in real-world applications. Investors and businesses are looking for ways to reap the most out of the present AR technologies. In due course, some acknowledgement of technicality involved in AR systems and AR application development may help everyone interested in AR. In the first part of the Augmented Reality series, [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[75,71,77,76],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/The-Technicality-of-Augmented-Reality-3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=298"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3077,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions\/3077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sysbunny.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}